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Ocoee massacre
The Ocoee massacre was a violent race riot that broke out on November 2, 1920, the day of the presidential election of 1920, in Ocoee, Florida, a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. African-American-owned buildings and residences in northern Ocoee were burned to the ground, and as many as 500 African Americans may have been killed throughout the conflict. The African-Americans residing in Ocoee who were not direct victims of the race riot were later driven out by threats or force. Ocoee would then become an all-white town and remain as such “until sixty-one years later in 1981.”〔(''Go Ahead On, Ocoee ) - A Narrative Documentary Film by Bianca White & Sandra Krasa''〕 The riot is still considered the “single bloodiest day in modern American political history.”〔Ortiz, Paul (May 14, 2012). (''Ocoee, Florida: Remembering the single bloodiest day in modern U.S. political history'' ), The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on April 26, 2013.〕
The race riot was started as a white mob's response to the persistence of Mose Norman, an African American, to vote on election day. Mose Norman was ordered and driven away when he first attempted to go to the polls. When he came back to the polls later, with a shotgun, he was driven away by whites, who would later form a mob to search for him. The white mob then surrounded the home of Julius “July” Perry, a prosperous local African-American farmer and contractor, where it was believed Norman was taking refuge. After Perry drove away the white mob with gunshots, the mob called for reinforcements from Orlando and Orange County, who then laid waste to the African-American community in Ocoee and eventually killed Perry. Norman would escape, never to be found. Other African Americans would flee into the orange groves, swamps and neighboring towns, leaving their homes and possessions behind.
== Events preceding election day ==
Orange County, as well as the rest of Florida, was originally “politically dominated by Southern white Democrats.”〔 However, in the weeks leading up to the presidential election of 1920, African-Americans throughout the South were registering to vote in record numbers.〔 The mass registration coincided with the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in the early twentieth century, providing a tense racial and political climate.〔 Judge John Moses Cheney, a Republican running for the Florida Senate, started a voter registration campaign to register African Americans to vote in Florida.〔 Mose Norman and July Perry, both “prosperous African-American landowners in Ocoee,” led the local voter registration efforts in Orange County, even paying the poll tax for those who could not afford it.〔 In an effort to preserve their white one-party rule, the Ku Klux Klan “marched in full regalia through the streets of Jacksonville, Daytona and Orlando,”〔Ortiz 2006, p. 215.〕 and sent threats to Judge Cheney prior to the election.〔 Three weeks before election day, the Ku Klux Klan warned the African-American community that “not a single Negro would be permitted to vote.”〔Ortiz 2006, p. 214.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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